Causes and Risk Factors
Epidermoid cysts may develop due to:
- Blocked hair follicles or pores
- Minor skin injuries or trauma
- Chronic skin conditions such as acne
- Certain genetic conditions, including Gardner syndrome
Although anyone can develop an epidermoid cyst, they are more common in adults, particularly men, than in children.
Symptoms and How Lumps Are Diagnosed
The most common symptom is a small, round lump beneath the skin. Typical features include:
- Smooth or slightly firm texture
- Skin-colored or pale appearance
- Painless unless infected
If a cyst becomes infected, symptoms may include:
- Redness and warmth
- Swelling or tenderness
- Thick, unpleasant-smelling discharge
Doctors usually diagnose epidermoid cysts through a physical examination. If the diagnosis is unclear or the lump has unusual features, additional tests may be recommended, such as:
- Ultrasound or MRI to assess size and depth
- Biopsy to rule out other conditions
